MYD88 and colitis: Using mice deficient for MyD88 specifically in IECs (MyD88∆IEC mice), a study showed that the loss of MyD88 results in an increased number of mucosa-associated bacteria, impaired mucus-associated antimicrobial activity, increased bacterial translocation, decreased mucin-2 expression, and decreased expression of epithelial IgA transporter, leading to an enhanced susceptibility of mice to colitis [111].