Using xenograft mouse model of CRC, the blockade of TLR4 was found to improve the survival of tumor-bearing mice [58], and this was confirmed in the AOM-DSS mouse model, where TLR4 was shown to recruit and activate COX-2-expressing macrophages and increase the number and size of dysplastic lesions per colon [59]. Here, TLR4 is linked to infectious otitis media.