Liang et al. in 2015, using a TDI-induced murine asthma model, demonstrated that caspase-1 activation and HMGB1 production was mediated by Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks); this study also assessed the role of LY294002 a specific inhibitor of PI3K. Here, HMGB1 is linked to asthma.