So far, one single report has shown that the LPS triggers the translocation of alpha-enolase to cell surface in breast cancer cell lines and, in addition to LPS, positively correlated this upregulation to other stimuli promoting tumour progression, such as Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)10. Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.