Phosphorylation of eIF2α occurs by various ser/ thr kinases such as heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), general control nonderepressible kinase (GCN2), and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) that are activated in response to diverse stressors such as heme-deficiency or denatured proteins, viral infection, nutrient limitation or amino acid starvation and unfolded proteins respectively16, 17. Here, EIF2AK1 is linked to viral infectious disease.