One of the drawbacks of hyperglycemia is the production of ROS which has become the prime cause of chronic complications of diabetes as well as reducing the half-life (t1/2) of RBCs (the normal is 120 days) by disturbing the osmotic fragility of these cells via generating superoxide radicals due to the increase of xanthine oxidase activity; these free radicals are then involved in the oxidation of RBC’s membrane proteins and lipids that make them susceptible to hemolysis [47]. This evidence concerns the gene XDH and diabetes mellitus.