CSF2 and neoplasm: Using co-culture system of fibroblasts and tumor cells, a dramatic increase in inflammatory mediators including macrophage inflammatory protein 1-alpha (MIP-1α, also known as CCL3), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, and RANTES (also known as CCL5) as well as activation of NF-κB and HIF-1α signals can be elicited.