More importantly, antagonizing miR-128-3p in various highly malignant lung cancer cell lines, not only abrogated tumorigenesis, primary tumour growth and distant metastasis, but also re-sensitized them to chemotherapeutic drugs, which further can be completely rescued by restored activation of the Wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signalling, suggesting that in NSCLC miR-128-3p acts as a tumour-promoting molecule that promotes cancer progression, especially in chemoresistance and metastasis. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and neoplasm.