Our finding that upregulated miR-128-3p in NSCLC cells simultaneously suppresses multiple negative regulators of β-catenin and TGF-β signalling, including Axin1, SFRP2, WIF1, SMURF2 and PP1c, provides unique insights in understanding the modulation of the β-catenin and TGF-β pathways in lung cancer. Here, TGFB1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.