Seven downregulated UBE-mRNAs (UBAC2, UBE2D3, UBE2E3, UXT, USP20, USP27X, and USP50) in PPROM vs. sPTL were also upregulated in [sPTL+FTB] vs. [PPROM+PROM], suggesting that these eight upregulated and seven downregulated UBEs are associated with PROM in PPROM but not in sPTL. Here, USP27X is linked to preterm premature rupture of the membranes.