Seven downregulated UBE-mRNAs (UBAC2, UBE2D3, UBE2E3, UXT, USP20, USP27X, and USP50) in PPROM vs. sPTL were also upregulated in [sPTL+FTB] vs. [PPROM+PROM], suggesting that these eight upregulated and seven downregulated UBEs are associated with PROM in PPROM but not in sPTL. This evidence concerns the gene UBE2D3 and preterm premature rupture of the membranes.