In the study by Knaul and coauthors, MDSC released proinflammatory (IL-6, IL-1α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and were able to phagocyte Mtb; their depletion ameliorated Mtb-induced disease, suggesting that the cells could provide a niche for pathogen survival and tailor immunity in TB [103]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and tuberculosis.