HGF and cancer: As both YB-1 and MACC1 promote the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway and induce tumor progression and metastasis in several cancer types [19–21], and we identified two different potential binding sites for YB-1 in the MACC1 promoter (from -1860 to -1856; from -1468 to -1464) (Figure 4A), we postulated that YB-1 promoted cancer development through activating MACC1/ c-Met signaling pathway.