VEGFC and neoplasm: Lymph node metastasis in human PDAC has been shown to be associated with high expression of VEGF-C and high density of lymphatics [8], and because high IFP/highly metastatic BxPC-3 tumors showed highly elevated expression of VEGF-C, we examined the presence of tumor-associated lymphatics in high IFP/highly metastatic and low IFP/poorly metastatic tumors by using an immunohistochemical assay and LYVE-1 as a marker of lymphatic endothelial cells.