XDH and hyperuricemia: Here, we assessed the effects of GPE with respect to its possible mechanisms by determining the XO, Sur, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the expression level of mUART1, mOAT1 and mGLUT9 in renal were also carried out to comprehensively study the mechanism of G. pensylvanicum against hyperuricemia and gout.