Furthermore, compared with patients who had used 5-aminosalicylic acids only, patients who had used immunomodulators (without ever using anti-TNF-α agents) experienced more frequent CD-related intestinal resection during follow-up (aHR = 2.147, 95% CI: 1.076–4.284, P = 0.030). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Cowden disease.