CD4 and HIV infectious disease: HIV causes a disruption of gut microbiota and 50% of lamina propria CD4 cells are depleted in early and acute HIV infection [19], as these cells may be more susceptible to HIV infection due to high levels of activation and expression of C-C chemokine receptor (CCR)5 receptors [78], in particular the CD4 cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22.