Details of the mechanism by which Nox4 is involved in regulation of the action cytoskeleton, and therefore in the EMT and in migration and metastasis of tumor cells largely are unknown, however, evidence was published recently that the signaling pathway in which Nox4 is embedded could be the TIS21-PI3K-Akt1 pathway (12, 13). The gene discussed is NOX4; the disease is neoplasm.