TSHR and Graves disease: Three novel forms of therapy for Graves’ hyperthyroidism are currently under investigation: (i) small molecule inhibitors of TSHR function (105–107), (ii) monoclonal TBAb, such as K1-70 (96) that block the binding and function of TSAb, and (iii) inhibitors of components of the adaptive immune system, such as rituximab, which targets B-lymphocytes prior to their maturation into plasma cells (Table 2).