The publication of the results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) in the early 1990s was another milestone in the management of type 1 diabetes; intensive treatment with multiple (3–6) injections or a continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump in order to reach near normal concentrations of blood glucose was shown to reduce the development of chronic complications and to improve disease control (DCCT Research Group, 1993). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.