TGFB1 and schistosomiasis: In liver disease studies, models of hepato-schistosomiasis and carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis have been used to demonstrate the effectiveness of either exogenous BMP7 or adenovirus treatment in reducing key parameters of injury including TGF-β/Smad signaling and hepatic stellate cell activation (Hao et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2013).