DNMT3A and ovarian carcinoma: In addition, both 5Aza (Fig. 5a–c) treatment and DNMT1 and DNMT3A knockdown (Fig. 5d–f) increased TIMP2 mRNA and protein expression and reduced DNA methylation of the TIMP2 promoter, suggesting that TIMP2 expression is down-regulated by DNA methylation in ovarian cancer cells.