INS and Genetic obesity: To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify and validate optimal RGs in 1) skeletal myotubes (C2C12) and adipocytes (3T3-L1) in insulin sensitive and insulin resistant conditions, 2) primary adult mouse cardiomyocytes (AMCMs), 3) cardiac muscle and adipose tissues from mouse models with dietary and genetic obesity, and 4) AA and SAT from non-obese, pre-obese and obese (class I–III) humans.