HIF1A and Epstein-Barr virus infection: To confirm that HIF-1α induction of lytic EBV infection truly occurs via binding to this Zp HRE rather than indirectly via downstream signaling events, we constructed two independent HRE variants of EBV containing the M2 and M4 substitution mutations analyzed in our reporter assay (Fig 5) within the context of the p2089 BAC [36].