Absence of NF-kB1 during the first 24 h of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury reduced renal inflammation,27 however the lack of NF-kB1 at 48 h resulted in higher mortality and prolonged renal inflammation.23 To analyse the role of p50 in a more chronic injury we used the tubular injury model of unilateral ureteric obstruction or UUO. Here, NFKB1 is linked to acute kidney injury.