BCL2L1 and cancer: The role of CTGF in chemoresistance was reported in various cancers and mainly shown to associate with anti-apoptotic proteins, for example, Bcl-xL, cIAP1, Survivin, Flip or pro-apoptotic protein PARP.10, 11, 12 In our study, we confirmed that CTGF-mediated TMZ resistance was associated with pro-apoptotic protein cleaved PARP expression, and these results suggested that apoptosis modulation was one important mechanism in CTGF-mediated TMZ resistance in GB.