The unique crystal structure of LISPRO does not negatively affect the bioactivity of lithium at several potential therapeutic targets related to AD treatment, namely induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from neurons, inhibition of lipopolysaccharide induced nitric oxide (NO) production from microglia, neural differentiation, and inhibition of GSK3β in neural stem cells. Here, BDNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.