For example, BST2 levels are significantly downregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma, kidney papillary cell and chromophobe carcinoma, liver cancer, prostate cancer and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and BST2 levels are unchanged in lung adenocarcinoma and thyroid cancer.15, 19 Thus, the role of BST2 in NPC remains unclear. This evidence concerns the gene BST2 and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.