CST3 and alkaline phosphatase measurement: In AP patients, sUMOD showed lower diagnostic utility for early recognition of AKI as compared to serum creatinine and cystatin C. In previous studies, low preoperative urine UMOD to urine creatinine ratios were shown to significantly predict AKI after cardiac surgery [22], while urine concentrations of UMOD have been reported to be decreased among infants with AKI [23].