The TAR-DNA binding protein 43, TDP-43, and the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72, C9orf72, are closely associated with the development of ALS, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord, and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD), a form of dementia characterized by a progressive decline in behavior and/or language (Baralle et al., 2013; Cruts et al., 2013; Rohrer et al., 2015). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is frontotemporal dementia.