After three weeks of diabetes, kidney weight was increased in STZ-eNOS−/− mice but not in STZ-C57BL/6 mice, whereas kidney weight and kidney weight:body weight ratio were significantly lower in STZ-eNOS−/− mice treated with ONO-AE3-208 than in vehicle-treated STZ-eNOS−/− mice (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene NOS3 and diabetes mellitus.