Interestingly, protective PD genes such as Parkin and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) [10, 11] protect against these mitochondrial toxins, whereas autosomal dominant mutations of a-SYNUCLEIN or Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) exacerbate the toxicities elicited by mitochondrial insults [12, 13]. The gene discussed is PINK1; the disease is Parkinson disease.