TP53 and cancer: We found that five extracted fractions of C. colocynthis, a plant found abundantly in Saudi Arabia, were phenotypically similar to the anti-cancer drugs etoposide and camptothecin, which induce topo II formation [37, 38] and activate several molecules, such as histone H2AX, p53, ATM, and Chk1/2, which trigger responses to DNA damage [39, 40].