In summary, two possible mechanisms could be responsible in mediating the effect of CysLTR-1 antagonists on cerebral ischemia: (i) the reduction of BBB disruption and inflammation in the acute/subacute phases [15, 68, 83] and (ii) the attenuation of astrocyte proliferation and related glial scar formation in the chronic phase [29, 65]. Here, CYSLTR1 is linked to brain ischemia.