PGF and breast carcinoma: Interestingly, we also report that both NRP-1 and PlGF are highly expressed in TNBC tumor tissue compared to luminal types of breast cancer, an observation that has been made previously for NRP-1 but not PlGF in primary breast tumors from the METABRIC study33.Thus, plasma and tumor tissue expression indicate that it is likely that NRP-1 and PlGF are both associated to function in concert to augment breast cancer metastasis to nodes and distant sites and hence, are indicators of poor prognosis.