Interestingly, we also report that both NRP-1 and PlGF are highly expressed in TNBC tumor tissue compared to luminal types of breast cancer, an observation that has been made previously for NRP-1 but not PlGF in primary breast tumors from the METABRIC study33.Thus, plasma and tumor tissue expression indicate that it is likely that NRP-1 and PlGF are both associated to function in concert to augment breast cancer metastasis to nodes and distant sites and hence, are indicators of poor prognosis. Here, PGF is linked to breast cancer.