GFAP and Stroke: Literature on neurotissue markers in various central nervous system (CNS) pathologies (including infection, trauma, stroke, hemorrhage, and degenerative disease) has identified significant relationships between brain injury and/or poor clinical outcome and elevated concentrations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (a marker of neuronal injury), S100B, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (both markers of astroglial injury) [15].