MAP3K11 and breast carcinoma: In one study, an existing inhibitor of the FRA-1 regulated gene, adenosine receptor A2B, ADORA2B, was shown to block formation of lung metastases in a TNBC experimental metastasis xenograft model.19 However, it is unclear whether targeting a single FRA-1-regulated gene will always be sufficient to halt breast cancer progression, as FRA-1 controls a suite of genes involved in cancer invasion and metastasis.45 Based on our findings, we propose that an alternative strategy would be to target MLK3, an upstream regulator of FRA-1.