Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets using cBioportal platform for cross-cancer alteration and expression analysis for K-Ras revealed that, among the 20 types of cancers in the database, pancreatic cancer and lung cancer had clearly the highest rate of sequenced K-Ras mutations and expressed K-Ras at high level (Supplementary Figure 8).43, 44 Therefore, pancreatic adenocarcinomas and lung adenocarcinomas were selected for further analysis to explore whether the expression levels of α6-integrin, FOSL1 and αV-integrin were correlated with cancer progression and aggressiveness. This evidence concerns the gene KRAS and cancer.