Taken together, this result is in line with ectopic TFF1 expression during various inflammatory processes, such as in the brain in an encephalitis model [17], in a murine ileitis model [14], during chronic intestinal ulceration [33], chronic pancreatitis [34], in the colon of infants with inflammatory bowel disease [35], in the porcine colon after infection with Salmonella typhimurium [36], and in a murine asthma model [37,38]. Here, TFF1 is linked to infection.