NFKB1 and rheumatoid arthritis: It is well established that NF-κB signaling plays a vital role in the progress and development of RA by regulating the transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in activated macrophages (Li et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2016).