PAPPA and atherosclerosis: Although these were studies performed in mice, there is growing evidence that PAPP‐A plays a role in atherosclerosis, diabetic nephropathy, visceral obesity, and several cancers in humans (Bayes‐Genis et al., 2001; Bulut et al., 2009; Conover, 2012; Huang et al., 2013; Mader et al., 2013; Henning et al., 2016).