TXN and Hyperglycemia: In this T1DM GP animal model [32], as well as in db/db mice exposed to high glucose and β-adrenergic stimulation [21], and in the Zucker Diabetic Fatty rat, where hyperglycemia had a significant negative impact on contractility of heart trabeculae [18], palmitate was able to rescue contractile performance via higher antioxidant capacity of the GSH/Trx systems.