In vitro irradiation of TSA carcinoma cells in the absence of the tumour stroma showed that the upregulation of ISGs was a cancer cell-intrinsic response, and that only virus infection and 8GyX3 but not 20 Gy could induce the release of IFNβ cytokine by TSA cells (Fig. 1d). The gene discussed is IFNB1; the disease is carcinoma.