hRpn13 mRNA levels are elevated in colorectal41, ovarian42 and gastric43 cancers, andcellular proliferation and migration are inhibited, with apoptosis induced in cell linesderived from these cancers by knock down of hRpn13 (refs 41, 44, 45).Moreover, hRpn13 and Uch37 are each essential for robust cell cycle progression in HeLacells46. This evidence concerns the gene ADRM1 and cancer.