Of the 17 miRNAs whose expression levels were commonly deregulated in HAND patients, four (miR-500a-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-93-3p, and miR-381-3p) were shown to regulate expression of the peroxisome biogenesis factors PEX2, PEX7, PEX11B and PEX13. Here, PEX13 is linked to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.