TGFB1 and cancer: The imbalance of the TGF pathway may evoke several downstream effects, including the proteolytic remodeling of the ECM proteins by MMPs and the EMT, both leading to the progression of the cancer.27 The modulation of the immune response has been reported also to be under the control of TGFB, although here we cannot decide whether the marked differences between immune-related reactome pathways that also distinguish the responder from the non-responder tumor are another consequence of the difference in TGFB signaling or not.