Thus, the non-responder would probably be best treated using a combination therapy that boosts its already existing readiness to fight foreign invaders by such approaches as vaccination with the Bacille Calmette-Guerin tuberculosis, which in the case of this patient may not only help protect against pathogens but also against the tumor.32 The upregulation of the CLEC7A pathway may be exploited for therapeutic, anticancer overactivation of the IL-6/STAT3 influenced innate immune system by components of pathogen cell walls such as fungal β-1,3 glucans or other immune-stimulatory substances. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is tuberculosis.