Activation of CLEC7A finally leads to the activation of transcription factor NF-κB, which then induces the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as TNF, IL-23, IL-6 or IL-2.37 Dectin-1 reduced hepatic fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis by negative regulation of TLR4 signaling pathways.38 In conclusion, the study we present here has the aim of contributing to the discussion as to how therapeutic options arising from our growing ability to characterize individual cancers at the molecular level may best be used to the benefit of the individual patient. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cancer.