TGFB1 and cancer: Immune therapy is currently being considered for the treatment of HCC and a comprehensive meta-analysis of recent studies encompassing more than 1800 patients indicates that patients undergoing specific immunotherapy benefit from a significantly higher overall and recurrence-free survival than those in control groups.10 TGFB1 plays an important role in the regulation of immune responses via cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that express the growth factor in a self-sustaining autocrine cycle.