SMAD2 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: Compared with that in the TAA group, the Smad2/3 levels in the DCM-L, DCM-H, SCM, AS, and CC groups were reduced by 31% (p < 0.001), 55% (p < 0.001), 46% (p < 0.001), 59% (p < 0.001), and 65% (p < 0.001), respectively.