TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Currently, the improvement of clinical symptoms of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and psoriasis is reached by the repeated administration of TNFα-sequestering antibodies, like the monoclonal antibodies infliximab, adalimumab, and the fusion protein etanercept [22], but therapeutic application is hampered by the lack of oral availability, immunogenic response, restricted distribution, and high costs.