NOD1 and infectious disease: In the present study, the finding that NOD1 is involved in the regulation of NLRC3 homologues, nutrient metabolism as well as the CD44a-mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is very intriguing, which suggest the multiple functions of NOD1 in different field of biology including infectious disease, metabology, oncology, developmental biology, and not confined to the immunology.