Understanding mTOR signaling in osteoclasts also has significant clinical implications: osteoclasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease characterized by overactive osteoclasts and pathological bone loss, have increased mTORC1 activity34, making mTORC1 signaling pathway a therapeutic target to treat diseases that involve overactive osteoclasts. Here, MTOR is linked to autoimmune disease.