For example, the relatively common Asp299Gly mutation inTLR4 has been shown to interfere with recruitment of MyD88 and TRIF to TLR4, and thusdiminish downstream NF-kB- and IRF3-mediated signaling (Figueroa et al. 2012); individuals with this mutation are moreprone to septic shock (Lorenz et al.2002) as well as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (Cheng et al. 2015). Here, TLR4 is linked to Crohn disease.