IRF3 and ulcerative colitis: For example, the relatively common Asp299Gly mutation inTLR4 has been shown to interfere with recruitment of MyD88 and TRIF to TLR4, and thusdiminish downstream NF-kB- and IRF3-mediated signaling (Figueroa et al. 2012); individuals with this mutation are moreprone to septic shock (Lorenz et al.2002) as well as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (Cheng et al. 2015).