Although treatments targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have had enormous success in cancer therapy, and immunotherapies exhibit more durable clinical activity than conventional chemotherapy, the objective response rate to these treatments has only been 6–14.5% in patients with advanced cancers such as ovarian cancer, renal-cell cancer and squamous non-small cell lung cancer [11, 12]. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is ovarian carcinoma.