CD40 and Stroke: Upregulation of CD40 and/or CD40Lhave been detected in serum/plasma/cell surface of patients with IS by several studies,and were suggested to be useful predictors and biomarker for stroke (Cha et al., 2003; Garlichs et al., 2003; Ishikawa et al., 2005; Davi et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2014; Li et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015).